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Mental Math Strategies

Overview

Be a human calculator.

What is it?

Techniques to add without paper.

History

Ramanujan could perform complex calculations instantly.

Key Idea

Break numbers apart: 28 is just 20 + 8.

Practice This Topic

Concept Guide

Plain English: Your brain likes easy numbers (ending in 0). If you have to add 19, just add 20 and subtract 1.

Real-world example: Checking if you have enough cash at the checkout line before you get embarrassed.

How to do it

  1. Look for numbers close to 10 (like 9 or 8).
  2. Round them up.
  3. Add.
  4. Subtract the difference.

Common Pitfall

Forgetting to subtract the extra bit you added to make the number round.

Word Problem
"An item costs $19 and another costs $23. Estimate the total."
Reasoning: Pretend 19 is 20. 20 + 23 is 43. Subtract the 1 you added. Total is 42.

Practice Examples

Compensation
29 + 15 (30) + 15 = 45 45 - 1 = 44
Turn 29 into 30.
Decomposition
23 + 45 20 + 40 = 60 3 + 5 = 8 60 + 8 = 68
Add Tens, then Ones.